Sociometric Study of Intragroup Relations in a Work Group
Keywords:
Organizational behavior, groups, intragroup relations, sociometry
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore intragroup relations in retail. The article conduct a sociometric analysis that takes into account labor and affective criteria, using the probability theory method and the UCINET program. In so doing the paper observe that the group, despite having been formally established for more than five years, does not display any solid indicators of high cohesion. The article observe that formal authority and informal leadership do not coincide and that there are two group factions in both criteria, which supports the finding of low cohesion. But despite these deficiencies in terms of cohesion, paper do not find any completely ignored or solitary individuals; as such, the group has established relations that can be improved. To this end, group cohesion should be promoted through a work design that facilitates interaction between individuals and rewards group results, all of which will serve to enhance the performance of this group.Downloads
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References
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Bezanilla, J. M. (2011). Sociometría: Un método de investigación psicosocial. (First ed.). México D.F: PEI Editorial.
Bezanilla, J. M., & Miranda, M. A. (2012). La socionomía y el pensamiento de Jacobo Levy Moreno: Una revisión teórica. Revista de Psicología GEPU, 3(1), 148 - 180.
Borgatti, S. P., Everett, M. G., & Freeman, L. C. (2002). UCINET 6 for Windows Software for Social Network Analysis. Harvard: Analytic Technologies.
Brass, D. J. (1981). Structural Relationships, Job Characteristics, and Worker Satisfaction and Performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 26(3), 331-348. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2392511
Brass, D. J. (1984). Being in the Right Place: A Structural Analysis of Individual Influence in an Organization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29(4), 518-539. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2392937
Burkhardt, M. E. (1994). Social Interaction Effects Following a Technological Change: A Longitudinal Investigation. Academy of Management Journal, 37(4), 869-898.
Burkhardt, M. E., & Brass, D. J. (1990). Changing Patterns or Patterns of Change: The Effects of a Change in Technology on Social Network Structure and Power. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1 Special Issue: Technology, Organizations, and Innovation), 104-127. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/2393552
Casales, J. C. (1990). Psicología Social: contribución a su estudio. La Habana: Editorial Ciencias Sociales.
Cuesta Santos, A. (2005). Gestion del Talento humano y del Conocimiento. Bogotá: ECO Ediciones.
Chancellor, J., Layous, K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2015). Recalling Positive Events at Work Makes Employees Feel Happier, Move More, but Interact Less: A 6-Week Randomized Controlled Intervention at a Japanese Workplace. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(4), 871-887. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9538-z
Chiavenato, I. (2009). Gestión del talento humano. (Third ed.). Mexico: McGRAW-HILL/INTERAMERICANA EDITORES, S.A. DE C.V.
Chruden, H., & Sherman, A. (2007). Administración del personal. (28 ed.). Mexico: Trillas.
Dailey, R. (2012). Comportamiento Organizacional. Edinburgh: Heriot-Watt University.
Davis, K., & Newstrom, J. W. (1999). Comportamiento humano en el trabajo. Mexico: McGraw-Hill.
Ebers, M. (1997). Explaining Inter-Organizational Network Formation. In M. Ebers (Ed.), The formation of interorganizational networks. (pp. 3-40). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fernández, R. M. (1991). Structural Bases of Leadership in Intraorganizational Networks. Social Psychology Quarterly, 54(1), 36-53. doi: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2786787
Forselledo, A. G. (2010). Introducción a la sociometría y sus aplicaciones. Montevideo: UNESU.
Ghoshal, S., & Bartlett, C. A. (1990). The Multinational Corporation as an Interorganizational Network. Academy of Management Review, 15(4), 603- 625. doi: http://www.jstor.org/stable/258684
Goodman, P. S., Ravlin, E., & Schminke, M. (1987). Understanding Groups in Organizations. In L. L. Cummings & B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior (Vol. 9, pp. 124-128). Greenwich, CT.: JAI Press.
Gutiérrez, J. H., Astudillo, C. A., Ballesteros-Pérez, P., Mora-Melià, D., & Candia-Véjar, A. (2016). The multiple team formation problem using sociometry. Computers & Operations Research, 75 150-162. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2016.05.012
Guzzo, R. A., & Shea, G. P. (1992). Group Performance and Intergroup Relations in Organizations. In M. D. Dunnette & L. M. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of Industrial & Organizational Psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 288-290). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Hackman, J. (1992). Group Influences on Individuals in Organizations. In M. D. D. a. L. M. Hough (Ed.), Handbook of Industrial & Organizational Psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 235-250). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Hart, J. W., & Nath, R. (1979). Sociometry in Business and Industry: New Developments in Historical Perspective. Group Psychotllerapy, Psychodrama and Sociometry, 32(128-149).
Henttonen, K. (2010). Exploring social networks on the team level—A review of the empirical literature. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 27, 74-109. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2010.03.005
Hoffman, C. C., & Wilcox, L. (1992). Sociometric applications in a corporate environment. Journal Of Group Psychotherapy, Psychodrama & Sociometry, 45(1), 3-16.
Jackson, S. E., Brett, J. F., Sessa, V. I., Cooper, D. M., Julin, J. A., & Peyronnin, K. (1991). Some Differences Make a Difference: Individual Dissimilarity and Group Heterogeneity as Correlates of Recruitment, Promotions, and Turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(5), 675-689. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.76.5.675
Krackhardt, D., & Porter, L. W. (1986). The Snowball Effect: Turnover Embedded in Communication Networks. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(1), 50-55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.1.50
Kuz, A., & Falco, M. (2013). Herramientas sociométricas aplicadas al ambiente áulico. Paper presented at the Congreso Nacional de Ingeniería Informática/Sistemas de Información (CONAIISI 2013), Córdoba.
Kuz, A., Falco, M., Nahuel, L., & Giandini, R. (2015). Agent SocialMetric: herramienta de asistencia al docente para determinar el clima social y la estructura del aula. Revista Iberoamericana de Informática Educativa(22), 16-29.
Labianca, G., Brass, D. J., & Gray, B. (1998). Social Networks and Perceptions of Intergroup Conflict: The Role of Negative Relationships and Third Parties. Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 55- 67. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/256897
Laet, S. D., Doumen, S., Vervoort, E., Colpin, H., Leeuwen, K. V., Goossens, L., & Verschueren, K. (2014). Transactional Links Between Teacher–Child Relationship Quality and Perceived Versus Sociometric Popularity: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study. Child Development, 85 (4), 1647-1662. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12216
Lawless, P. (2015). Application of sociometric methods to collaborative coastal management. Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.), 19 (5), 653-665. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-014-0367-3
Leavitt, H. J. (1951). Some Effects of Certain Communication Patterns on Group Performance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 46(1), 38-50. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0057189
Lussier, R. N. (1993). Human Relations in Organizations: A Skill Building Approach. (2nd ed.). Homewood, II: Richard D. Irwing.
McCain, B. E., O'Reilly, C., & Pfeffer, J. (1983). The Effects of Departmental Demography on Turnover: The Case of a University. Academy of Management Journal, 26(4), 626-641. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/255911
Mizruchi, M. S., & Galaskiewicz, J. (1993). Networks of Interorganizational Relations. Sociological Methods and Research, 22(1), 46 -70. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124193022001003
Moreno, J. L. (1947). Contributions of Sociometry to Research Methodology in Sociology. American Sociological Review, 12(3), 287-292. doi: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2086518
Moreno, J. L. (1954). Fundamentos de la sociometría. Buenos Aires: Paidós.
Mullena, B., Symonsa, C., Hua, L.-T., & Salasb, E. (1989). Group Size, Leadership Behavior, and Subordinate Satisfaction. Journal of General Psychology, 116(2), 155-170. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1989.9711120
Nelson, R. E. (1989). The Strength of Strong Ties: Social Networks and Intergroup Conflict in Organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 32(2), 377-401. doi: http://www.jstor.org/stable/256367
Orbach, M., Demko, M., Doyle, J., Waber, B. N., & Pentland, A. S. (2015). Sensing Informal Networks in Organizations. American Behavioral Scientist, 59(4), 508-524. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764214556810
Pineda, I., Renero, L., Silva, Y., Casas, E., Bautista, E., & Bezanilla, J. M. (2009). Utilidad del sociograma como herramienta para el análisis de las interacciones grupales. Psicologia para América Latina, (16). Retrieved from http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1870-350X2009000100009&lng=pt&tlng=es
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2009). Comportamiento organizacional. (13th ed.) Mexico: PEARSON EDUCACIÓN.
Roberts, K. H., & O'Reilly, C. A. (1979). Some Correlations of Communication Roles in Organizations. Academy of Management Journal, 22(1), 42-57. doi: http://www.jstor.org/stable/255477
Ruiz Berrio, L. (2014). El sociograma como instrumento de evaluación del clima de aula. Grado en Maestro en Educación Primaria, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Navarra.
Sabin, S. I., Mihai, S., & Marcel, P. (2014). The Importance and Utility of the Sociometric Survey Method in Physical Education Research. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 117(19 ), 185-192. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.199
Salvosa, L. R. (1935). Tables for statisticians. Michigan: Edwards brothers, Incorporated, lithoprinters and publishers.
Schein, E. H. (1980). Organizational Psychology (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Shepperd, J. A. (1993). Productivity Loss in Performance Groups: A Motivation Analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 113(1), 67-81. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.113.1.67
Shrader, C. B., Lincoln, J. R., & Hoffman, A. N. (1989). The Network Structures of Organizations: Effects of Task Contingencies and Distributional Form. Human Relations, 42(1), 43-66. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/001872678904200103
Sociedade Paranaense de Psicodrama. (2006). Sociometria como fundamento teórico do psicodrama. Curitiba: Sociedade Paranaense de Psicodrama.
Soponaru, C., Tincu, C., & Iorga, M. (2014). The Influence of the Sociometric Status of Students on Academic Achievement. Journal of Academic Emergency Medicine Case Reports, 5(10), 149-168.
Sparrowe, R. T., & Liden, R. C. (1997). Process and Structure in Leader-Member Exchange. Academy of Management Review, 22, 522-552. doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1997.9707154068
Tavares De Almeida, K. N., Fischer, A. L., Takahashi, A. R. W., Freitag, B. B., Gomes Enoque, A., & De Brito, M. J. (2012). Configuração de posições em uma comunidade epistêmica e sua relação com o sentido da aprendizagem em redes interorganizacionais: estudo de caso no campo da biotecnologia. Revista de Administração Mackenzie, 13(6), 77-106. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1678-69712012000600005
Thomas, E. J., & Fink, C. F. (1963). Effects of Group Size. Psychological Bulletin, 60(4), 371-384. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0047169
Tichy, N. M., & Tushman, M. L. (1979). Network Analysis in Organizational Settings. Human Relations, 32(11), 923-965. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/001872677903201103
Tichy, N. M., Tushman, M. L., & Fombrun, C. (1979). Social Network Analysis for Organizations. Academy of Management Review, 4(4), 507-519. doi: https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1979.4498309
Wagner, W. G., Pfeffer, J., & O'Reilly III, C. A. (1984). Organizational Demography and Turnover in Top-Management Groups. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29(1), 74-92. doi: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2393081
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Published
2018-11-22
How to Cite
García Vidal, G., Guzmán Vilar, L., Pérez Campdesuñer, R., & Rivera Rivera, B. (2018). Sociometric Study of Intragroup Relations in a Work Group. Journal of Business, Universidad Del Pacífico (Lima, Peru), 10(2), 48-69. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21678/jb.2018.793
Section
Articles
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